当你在终端环境下安装新的软件时,你可以经常看到信息对话框弹出,需要你的输入。对话框的类型有密码箱,检查表,菜单,等等。他们可以引导你以一种直观的方式输入必要的信息,使用这样的用户友好的对话框的好处是显而易见的。如下图所示:
当你写一个交互式 shell 脚本,你可以使用这样的对话框来接受用户的输入。 whiptail 可以在 shell 脚本中创建基于终端的对话框,消息框的过程,类似于 Zenity 或 xdialog GUI 脚本代码。预先安装在所有的 Linux 发布版本中。下面来看看 whiptail 的用法。
创建一个消息框
一个消息框中显示一个确认按钮继续任意的文本消息。
语法:
whiptail --title "<message box title>" --msgbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>
实例:
#!/bin/bash
whiptail --title "Test Message Box" --msgbox "Create a message box with whiptail. Choose Ok to continue." 10 60
创建一个 yes/no 对话框
用户输入 yes 或 no 的对话框。
语法:
whiptail --title "<dialog box title>" --yesno "<text to show>" <height> <width>
实例:
#!/bin/bash
if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yesno "Choose between Yes and No." 10 60) then
echo "You chose Yes. Exit status was $?."
else
echo "You chose No. Exit status was $?."
fi
或者,你可以是 --yes-button
, --no-button
选项。
#!/bin/bash
if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yes-button "Skittles" --no-button "M&M's" --yesno "Which do you like better?" 10 60) then
echo "You chose Skittles Exit status was $?."
else
echo "You chose M&M's. Exit status was $?."
fi
创建一个表单输入框
如果你想用户输入任意的文本,您可以使用一个输入框。
语法:
whiptail --title "<input box title/>" --inputbox "<text to show>" <height> <width> <default -text>
实例:
#!/bin/bash
PET=$(whiptail --title "Test Free-form Input Box" --inputbox "What is your pet's name?" 10 60 Wigglebutt 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)
exitstatus=$?
if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
echo "Your pet name is:" $PET
else
echo "You chose Cancel."
fi
创建一个密码框
当用户需要输入敏感信息时密码框是有用的。
语法:
whiptail --title "<password box title>" --passwordbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>
实例:
#!/bin/bash
PASSWORD=$(whiptail --title "Test Password Box" --passwordbox "Enter your password and choose Ok to continue." 10 60 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)
exitstatus=$?
if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
echo "Your password is:" $PASSWORD
else
echo "You chose Cancel."
fi
创建一个菜单栏
当你想让用户选择一个任意数量的选择中,你可以使用菜单框。
语法:
whiptail --title "<menu title>" --menu "<text to show>" <height> <width> <menu height> [ <tag> <item> ] . . .
实例:
#!/bin/bash
OPTION=$(whiptail --title "Test Menu Dialog" --menu "Choose your option" 15 60 4 \
"1" "Grilled Spicy Sausage" \
"2" "Grilled Halloumi Cheese" \
"3" "Charcoaled Chicken Wings" \
"4" "Fried Aubergine" 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)
exitstatus=$?
if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
echo "Your chosen option:" $OPTION
else
echo "You chose Cancel."
fi
创建 radiolist 对话框
语法:
whiptail --title "<radiolist title>" --radiolist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .
实例:
#!/bin/bash
DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --radiolist \
"What is the Linux distro of your choice?" 15 60 4 \
"debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \
"ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \
"centos" "Stable CentOS" OFF \
"mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)
exitstatus=$?
if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
echo "The chosen distro is:" $DISTROS
else
echo "You chose Cancel."
fi
创建一个表对话框
当你想让用户选择一个列表中选择多个选项的清单对话框是有用的, radiolist 对话框,只允许选择一个。
语法:
whiptail --title "<checklist title>" --checklist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .
实例:
#!/bin/bash
DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --checklist \
"Choose preferred Linux distros" 15 60 4 \
"debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \
"ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \
"centos" "Stable CentOS" ON \
"mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)
exitstatus=$?
if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
echo "Your favorite distros are:" $DISTROS
else
echo "You chose Cancel."
fi
创建一个进度条
进度条是一个用户友好的对话框。 whiptail 从标准输入读取一个百分数(0~100),显示一个表内相应的计数。
语法:
whiptail --gauge "<test to show>" <height> <width> <inital percent>
实例:
#!/bin/bash
{
for ((i = 0 ; i < = 100 ; i+=20)); do
sleep 1
echo $i
done
} | whiptail --gauge "Please wait while installing" 6 60 0
更多选项
whiptail --help
########执行结果########
Box options:
--msgbox <text> <height> <width>
--yesno <text> <height> <width>
--infobox <text> <height> <width>
--inputbox <text> <height> <width> [init]
--passwordbox <text> <height> <width> [init]
--textbox <file> <height> <width>
--menu <text> <height> <width> <listheight> [tag item] ...
--checklist <text> <height> <width> <listheight> [tag item status]...
--radiolist <text> <height> <width> <listheight> [tag item status]...
--gauge <text> <height> <width> <percent>
Options: (depend on box-option)
--clear clear screen on exit
--defaultno default no button
--default-item <string> set default string
--fb use full buttons
--nocancel no cancel button
--yes-button <text> set text of yes button
--no-button </text><text> set text of no button
--ok-button </text><text> set text of ok button
--cancel-button </text><text> set text of cancel button
--noitem display tags only
--separate-output output one line at a time
--output-fd <fd> output to fd, not stdout
--title <title> display title
--backtitle <backtitle> display backtitle
--scrolltext force vertical scrollbars
--topleft put window in top-left corner
########执行结果########